A patient with heavy menstrual bleeding and pain might be suffering from which condition?

Heavy menstrual bleeding and pain can often be attributed to uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas. These benign tumors grow in the muscular wall of the uterus and can cause a variety of symptoms, including heavy bleeding (menorrhagia), prolonged menstrual periods, and pelvic pain. The presence of fibroids can interfere with the normal function of the uterus, leading to the excessive shedding of the endometrial lining and resultant heavy bleeding, as well as cramping and discomfort due to their size and location.

Uterine fibroids are particularly common in women of reproductive age and can vary in size and location, contributing further to the spectrum of symptoms. Their impact on menstrual patterns and the potential for causing pelvic pressure or pain make them a significant condition to consider in cases presenting with the described symptoms.

Other conditions, such as cervical cancer, endometrial polyps, and chronic pelvic pain can also cause heavy menstrual bleeding or pelvic discomfort but do not typically present with the same combination of symptoms as uterine fibroids. Cervical cancer may present with abnormal bleeding, but it usually has additional alarming signs such as postcoital bleeding or changes in vaginal discharge. Endometrial polyps can indeed cause irregular bleeding, but they are often less associated