What complication can occur if the placenta implants over the cervix?

The complication that occurs when the placenta implants over the cervix is known as placenta previa. In this condition, the placenta partially or completely covers the cervical opening, which can lead to significant complications during pregnancy and delivery. The primary concern with placenta previa is the risk of bleeding, particularly in the third trimester, as the cervix begins to efface and dilate in preparation for labor.

When the placenta is located over or near the cervix, vaginal delivery can be dangerous due to the potential for severe hemorrhage. Therefore, women diagnosed with placenta previa are often closely monitored, and in cases of complete previa or heavy bleeding, a cesarean delivery may be planned even before labor begins. This condition not only increases the risks associated with delivery but also affects planning for prenatal care and management of the patient’s health throughout the pregnancy.

In contrast, conditions like placenta accreta involve abnormal adherence of the placenta to the uterine wall, causing risks for postpartum hemorrhage, while placental abruption involves the separation of the placenta from the uterus before delivery, leading to bleeding and fetal distress. Gestational trophoblastic disease refers to a group of rare tumors that can occur during pregnancy but is not directly related to the placement of the placenta.