What is a common risk factor for cervical cancer?

Persistent infection with high-risk strains of HPV is a well-established and common risk factor for cervical cancer. Human papillomavirus (HPV) encompasses a group of viruses, some of which are classified as "high-risk" due to their potential to lead to the development of cervical lesions and ultimately cancer. The majority of cervical cancers are linked to these high-risk HPV types, particularly HPV 16 and 18.

The progression from HPV infection to cervical cancer typically involves several steps, including the development of precancerous lesions (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, or CIN). This transformation process can take several years, highlighting the importance of regular cervical screening and HPV vaccination in reducing the risk of cervical cancer.

Obesity, high cholesterol, and diabetes have been studied in relation to various health impacts but do not have the same direct link to cervical cancer as persistent HPV infection. While these conditions can contribute to overall cancer risk in different ways, they are not considered primary risk factors specifically for cervical cancer. This emphasizes the importance of understanding HPV's role and prioritizing preventive measures to protect against this specific type of cancer.