What is the purpose of intravenous magnesium sulfate in patients with preeclampsia?

Intravenous magnesium sulfate is primarily used in patients with preeclampsia to prevent eclamptic seizures. Preeclampsia is characterized by high blood pressure and proteinuria, and in some cases, it can progress to eclampsia, which involves seizures. Magnesium sulfate is effective in reducing the risk of these seizures due to its neuroprotective effects, helping to stabilize the neuronal membranes and decrease the likelihood of seizure activity occurring.

The action of magnesium on the central nervous system is particularly important in a high-risk population such as those with preeclampsia. By administering magnesium sulfate, clinicians aim to provide a protective effect for the patient and prevent this serious complication, potentially saving lives and improving outcomes for both the mother and the fetus.

While magnesium may have some effects on blood pressure and is sometimes noted for its ability to lower it mildly, that is not its primary function in this specific context. Similarly, it does not directly reverse proteinuria or prevent HELLP syndrome (a severe form of preeclampsia). The focus of magnesium sulfate treatment in preeclampsia is distinctly centered on seizure prevention, making it a cornerstone of management for those at risk of eclampsia.