What is the role of folic acid in pregnancy?

Folic acid plays a critical role during pregnancy, particularly in the prevention of neural tube defects in the developing fetus. Neural tube defects occur when the neural tube, which forms the fetus's brain and spinal cord, does not close properly. This can lead to serious conditions such as spina bifida and anencephaly.

Research has shown that adequate intake of folic acid before and during early pregnancy significantly decreases the risk of these defects. It is recommended that women of childbearing age take a daily supplement of folic acid, as many pregnancies are unplanned and the neural tube forms within the first few weeks of gestation before many women even realize they are pregnant.

While other functions of folic acid and its importance in cellular division and tissue growth are noteworthy, its primary and most well-regarded role in pregnancy specifically relates to the prevention of neural tube defects, making this the correct choice.