What STIs can be transmitted from mother to child during childbirth?

The correct answer highlights the significant risk posed by certain sexually transmitted infections (STIs) that can be transmitted from mother to child during childbirth. HIV, herpes, and syphilis are all known for their vertical transmission capabilities.

HIV can be transmitted during the delivery process if the mother has an active infection, especially if there are open lesions or when the membranes have ruptured, allowing for direct exposure of the infant to the virus. Antiretroviral therapy significantly decreases this risk when managed appropriately during pregnancy.

Herpes simplex virus is particularly concerning, as a mother with an active outbreak at the time of delivery can transmit the virus to the newborn, potentially leading to severe neonatal herpes, which can be life-threatening.

Syphilis can also be passed from the mother to the child during childbirth. If a mother is untreated, the risk of transmission to the fetus is high during the late stages of pregnancy, and congenital syphilis can lead to severe complications or stillbirth.

While other STIs listed can lead to serious health problems, they are not transmitted during the childbirth process in the same manner as HIV, herpes, and syphilis. For example, cytomegalovirus and Zika virus are associated with maternal infections that can cause congenital defects