Which condition is associated with abnormal uterine bleeding and infertility?

Endometriosis is a condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus, often causing significant pain, abnormal uterine bleeding, and infertility. This abnormal tissue growth can affect the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the tissue lining the pelvis, leading to scarring and adhesions that may obstruct the normal function of the reproductive system. Due to these factors, women with endometriosis may experience heavy menstrual bleeding or irregular bleeding patterns, as well as difficulties in conceiving due to disruptions in the reproductive anatomy and hormone imbalances.

In contrast, while conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and uterine fibroids may also affect menstrual cycles and fertility, they exhibit different underlying mechanisms and symptoms. PCOS is related to hormonal imbalance and may cause irregular bleeding and ovulatory dysfunction, while uterine fibroids can lead to heavy menstrual bleeding but do not typically cause infertility in all cases. Ovarian cancer, while it may present with varying symptoms, is less commonly associated with abnormal uterine bleeding as a primary feature compared to endometriosis. Thus, endometriosis is the most fitting answer when considering a condition primarily linked to both abnormal uterine bleeding and infertility.