Which of the following is a risk factor for polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)?

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder characterized by a variety of symptoms including irregular menstrual cycles, excessive androgen levels, and polycystic ovaries. One of the key associated risk factors for PCOS is obesity. The presence of excess body weight can influence insulin sensitivity and hormone regulation, which can exacerbate the symptoms and metabolic issues often seen in women with PCOS. Elevated levels of insulin, commonly seen in obese individuals, can lead to increased androgen production and contribute to the development of the syndrome.

In contrast, individuals who maintain a low body mass index or engage in high levels of physical activity typically have a lower risk of developing PCOS due to better insulin sensitivity and hormonal balance. A diet high in whole grains may also be beneficial for overall metabolic health and does not contribute to the risk of developing PCOS. The association of obesity with PCOS highlights the importance of weight management and lifestyle modifications in the treatment and prevention of the condition.