Which phase of the menstrual cycle coincides with elevated estrogen and the LH surge?

The phase of the menstrual cycle that coincides with elevated estrogen levels and the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge is ovulation. During the ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle, there is a peak in estrogen produced primarily by the developing follicles in the ovaries. This rise in estrogen levels triggers a positive feedback mechanism on the anterior pituitary gland, resulting in a surge in LH.

The LH surge is critical as it leads to the release of the mature oocyte from the dominant follicle, marking the actual event of ovulation. This phase is characterized by a short, yet significant increase in LH, which typically occurs around the midpoint of the menstrual cycle, signaling the end of the follicular phase and the onset of ovulation.

Understanding these hormonal changes is essential in the context of the menstrual cycle, as they orchestrate the physiological processes necessary for reproduction.